柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组砂岩碎屑组分特征及其物源构造环境分析     

王涛  刘招君  孙平昌  白悦悦  宋朔 《世界地质》2018,37(1):154-161

利用砂岩碎屑骨架成分统计和碎屑颗粒结构特征分析,研究柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组碎屑岩的源岩类型及其构造环境。石门沟组砂岩成分成熟度中等、结构成熟度较低,具有近源物源的特点。砂岩碎屑骨架成分统计结果表明石门沟组的物源区构造背景属于再旋回造山带。结合柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统古地理特征,确认鱼卡地区石门沟组物源区为祁连山造山带。砂岩碎屑组分可能来自于南祁连山上石炭世宗务隆山群火山岩和达肯达坂山群变质岩。  相似文献   

青海湖地区生物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素组成与影响因素     

段毅  吴应忠  吴保祥  孙涛 《地质学报》2018,92(7):1541-1550

青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖泊。本文应用GC-MS和GC-TC-IRMS同位素分析技术,对青海湖水生生物和周围地区陆生生物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素进行了分析,研究了生物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成。结果显示了不同生物中正构烷烃碳数分布范围在C1 5~C33之间,呈单峰型分布;主峰碳数是水生生物(除海韭菜外)相对较低,主要为C23和C25,陆生木本植物次之,为C27;陆生草本植物较高,为C27和C29;CPI值分布在4.0~29.7之间;ACL值为26.0~29.6,分布与植物类型有关。青海湖水生生物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成分布在-209.8‰~-85.6‰之间,平均值为-169.2‰~-121.2‰;陆生植物的正构烷烃δD值为-196.7‰~-84.3‰之间,平均值为-173.0‰~-108.6‰。青海湖不同水生生物和不同陆生生物之间的正构烷烃氢同位素组成差别显著。研究发现,湖泊的含盐量对水生植物的正构烷烃氢同位素具有显著影响,环境湿度和降水量明显影响了陆生植物的正构烷烃氢同位素组成;植物的正构烷烃平均氢同位素组成随着其ACL值增加,具有变轻的趋势;不同种类植物的正构烷烃合成期间具有不同的氢同位素分馏效应,与陆生植物相比较,水生植物的正构烷烃相对于环境水更富集轻氢同位素,并且随着ACL值增加,环境水和正构烷烃之间的氢同位素分馏增大。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of organic matter and elements of black shale during weathering in Northern Guizhou,Southwestern China: Their mobilization and inter-connection     

Xuan Tang  Jinchuan Zhang  Yang Liu  Chao Yang  Qian Chen  Wei Dang  Panwang Zhao 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(1):140-151

Different from previous studies on effect of weathering upon geochemical variation along a single weathered profile, this paper provides a new methodology validated by comparing a weathered outcrop samples and their stratigraphic counterpart un-weathered core samples in a nearby shallow borehole. This outcrop and borehole penetrated the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi shales, located in the same anticline structure in the northern part of Guizhou Province, Southern China. The mineral composition, major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs) composition and Rock-Eval parameters of outcrop and core samples were analyzed and compared. Organic matter (OM) was observed in the microscope and extracted for elements analysis. The results show that short-term weathering still has significant influence on OM, mineral and elemental composition of black shales. The elements composition shows the outcrop profile was moderately weathered. The REEs compositions do not alter much during weathering process and the REEs composition and their relative ratios still are valid for rock origin determination. The OM, mainly composed by graptolite and bitumen, even entering the highly-over thermal maturity, is still sensitive to the weathering with a systematic loss 30–50% of TOC along the outcrop profile, which suggests that the OM consumption is predominantly controlled by weathering duration and the distance from the weathering surface. In turn, OM has significant influence on the trace elements transportation behavior during weathering. Some trace elements associated with the OM such as V, Cr, Th, U, Ni and Co, change significantly in their absolute concentration during weathering, but their relative ratios do not necessarily change too much and might be still reliable proxies for paleo-environmental determination. The mobility of shale minerals during weathering is in the following order: plagioclase?>?potassium feldspar and dolomite >pyrite and OM. Short-term weathering can also result in considerable transportation of elements and significant variation of minerals content in black shale, which may pose potentially high environmental and engineering risk in the regions rich in black shale.  相似文献   

The source of sulfur in sulfide deposits in the Siberian Platform traps (from isotope data)     

V.V. Ryabov  O.N. Simonov  S.G. Snisar  A.A. Borovikov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):945-961

The source of sulfur in giant Norilsk-type sulfide deposits is discussed. A review of the state of the problem and a critical analysis of existing hypotheses are made. The distribution of δ³⁴S in sulfides of ore occurrences and small and large deposits and in normal sedimentary, metamorphogenic, and hypogene sulfates is considered. A large number of new δ³⁴S data for sulfides and sulfates in various deposits, volcanic and terrigenous rocks, coals, graphites, and metasomatites are presented. The main attention is focused on the objects of the Norilsk and Kureika ore districts. The δ³⁴S value varies from -14 to + 22.5‰ in sulfides of rocks and ores and from 15.3 to 33‰ in anhydrites. In sulfide-sulfate intergrowths and assemblages, δ³⁴S is within 4.2-14.6‰ in sulfides and within 15.3-21.3‰ in anhydrites. The most isotopically heavy sulfur was found in pyrrhotite veins in basalts (δ³⁴S = 21.6‰), in sulfate veins cutting dolomites (δ³⁴S = 33‰), and in subsidence caldera sulfates in basalts (δ³⁴S = 23.2-25.2‰). Sulfide ores of the Tsentral’naya Shilki intrusion have a heavy sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S = + 17.7‰ (n = 15)). Thermobarogeochemical studies of anhydrites have revealed inclusions of different types with homogenization temperatures ranging from 685 °C to 80 °C. Metamorphogenic and hypogene anhydrites are associated with a carbonaceous substance, and hypogene anhydrites have inclusions of chloride-containing salt melts. We assume that sulfur in the trap sulfide deposits was introduced with sulfates of sedimentary rocks (δ³⁴S = 22-24‰). No assimilation of sulfates by basaltic melt took place. The sedimentary anhydrites were “steamed” by hydrocarbons, which led to sulfate reduction and δ³⁴S fractionation. As a result, isotopically light sulfur accumulated in sulfides and hydrogen sulfide, isotopically heavy sulfur was removed by aqueous calcium sulfate solution, and “residual” metamorphogenic anhydrite acquired a lighter sulfur isotope composition as compared with the sedimentary one. The wide variations in δ³⁴S in sulfides and sulfates are due to changes in the physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming system (first of all, temperature and P_ch4) during the sulfate reduction. The regional hydrocarbon resources were sufficient for large-scale ore formation.  相似文献   

海洋粘土沉积物的组成及其增白试验     

田春燕  张培萍  马丽艳  石学法  吕华华  于德利 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2006,36(1):142-147

为了海洋粘土的开发应用,利用FTIR和XRD衍射对其进行了矿物成分分析。结果表明,海洋粘土样品中粘土矿物含量较高,其主要矿物组成为伊/蒙混层和伊利石并含有少量其它矿物,同时证实样品中有磁铁矿和赤铁矿存在。粘土沉积物的化学成分分析显示,粘土中Fe2O3质量分数较高,约为7%。采用酸溶氢气还原法对东太平洋的粘土样品进行了化学增白试验,并探讨了酸种类及其浓度、药剂用量、反应时间、煅烧温度等因素对除铁增白效果的影响,优选出最佳除铁增白方案,使海洋粘土的白度由原来的23.8%提高到73.1%。另外,对增白前后样品的粒度、比表面积和分散性的测试表明,在增白的同时样品的活性也得到了提高。  相似文献   

Effect of Long-Term Low-Salinity Culture on the Survival,Growth, and Nutrient Composition of Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain     

JI Zilu  LI Ronghua  WANG Chunlin  ZHANG Zhouyi  ZHANG Weijia  MU Changkao  SONG Weiwei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):179-185

This study investigated the effects of long-term low-salinity on the growth performance,proximate composition,amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Scylla paramamosain.The salinity of the low-salinity-culture group(LC)and maintained-salinity-cul-ture group(MC)were set at 5 and 25 respectively.After rearing for 30 d,the survival rate(SR)of the LC group was significantly lower,whereas the average daily molting frequency(ADMF)was significantly higher than those in MC group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference for weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)between the two groups.The moisture content of the LC group was slightly higher than the MC group without significant difference.The contents of ash,crude lipid and crude pro-tein in the LC group were lower than those in the MC group,but no significant differences were found except for ash content.A total of 17 free amino acids and 23 fatty acids were identified from the muscle of S.paramamosain.The total amino acids(TAA),essen-tial amino acids(EAA)and essential amino acid index(EAAI)had no significant difference between the two groups.The crabs from LC group had a significantly higher HUFA,including EPA,DHA,ARA.The percentage of n-3 PUFA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA were significantly higher in the LC group.These results indicated that S.paramamosain rearing at low salinity had significantly de-creased SR;however,the low-salinity environment significantly promoted the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),espe-cially the n-3 PUFA,which might be related to the osmoregulation mechanism.  相似文献   

2018年春季北京一次沙尘天气边界层特征及来源分析     

桂海林  秦贺  赵培涛  王飞  唐志军  王继康  朱媛媛  褚旸晰 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(4):18-25

2018年3月27-28日,内蒙古中东部、中国东北地区、华北等地出现一次大范围沙尘天气。28日凌晨,沙尘进入北京,受此影响北京出现了严重的污染天气。本文利用中国气象局地面常规观测资料、气溶胶激光雷达、风廓线雷达资料、生态环境部大气成分等资料分析了北京沙尘天气前后边界层特征、沙尘来源以及沙尘天气前后大气污染特征。结果表明：此次沙尘天气期间,北京沙尘气溶胶退偏振比约为0.25-0.40,退偏振比数据显示此次沙尘首先从高空进入北京,比地面提前6 h。此次影响北京的沙尘主要来自于北路,东路沙尘有一定补充;沙尘影响时段,北京Ca、Fe、Na、K、Mn等元素浓度显著升高,与该物质地壳丰度相当,污染物元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As等浓度有所降低,丰度远大于该物质在地壳中丰度。  相似文献   

岱海水体及沉积物细菌多样性及群落组成特征     

张雨晴  邵克强  胡洋  丁艳青  张恩楼  高光  汤祥明 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):2070-2082

采用高通量测序技术,研究了内蒙古岱海流域入湖河流、湖水及沉积物细菌多样性及群落组成.结果显示,细菌多样性从高到低依次为：沉积物>河流>湖泊.聚类分析表明入湖河流、湖水和沉积物细菌群落可分为明显不同的3支,说明这3种生境中细菌群落结构有较大差异.物种注释结果表明,河流中优势细菌菌群为髌骨细菌（Patescibacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）;湖水中优势细菌菌群为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）;而沉积物中优势细菌菌群为变形菌门和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）.典范对应分析及Monte Carlo检验表明,电导率和悬浮物含量对水体中（河流与湖泊）细菌群落影响显著,二者共解释了细菌群落变化的86.5%;而冗余分析及Monte Carlo检验表明,泥深、磁化率和总有机碳对沉积物中细菌群落影响显著,三者共解释了细菌群落变化的47.9%.近30年来,岱海地区气候变化和人类活动导致湖水咸化,沉积物碳氮指标显著增长.岱海水体及沉积物细菌多样性及群落组成的差异及其主要驱动因子,反映了细菌对这种气候变化和人类活动共同作用的响应.  相似文献   

赣南西华山成矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD     

郭小飞 《地质与勘探》2022,58(3):585-596

赣南西华山钨矿是与侏罗纪花岗岩有关的大型石英脉型矿床,也是我国南岭成矿带赣南地区典型的钨矿床。本文选取西华山钨矿成矿花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年、微量元素和Hf同位素分析,旨在揭示花岗岩的形成时间并推断岩石成因及其对成矿的指示。锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,西华山中粒黑云母花岗岩锆石206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为154.8±6.0 Ma。锆石形态、激光拉曼和地球化学特征表明,该花岗岩受到岩浆热液的影响。锆石的176 Yb/177 Hf和176 Lu/177 Hf比值较高,表明源岩浆有强烈的流体出溶作用。西华山黑云母花岗岩的εHf(t)变化范围较小,呈明显负值(-12.8~-10.8),且集中在华夏地块古老基底范畴内,指示其形成于古老地壳物质的部分熔融。  相似文献   

甘肃省纤维用玄武岩应用前景分析          下载免费PDF全文

代文军 《甘肃地质》2022,(3):34-38

甘肃省玄武岩的研究地学界多年来主要以火山岩地质调查为主,重点是对岩石的时空分布、岩石学、岩石地球化学及其成因和形成时代等方面进行的研究,而对玄武岩的开发利用目前仍停留在粗加工和低附加值产品上。根据国内目前对玄武岩纤维的开发应用前景,通过收集、整理与分析省内玄武岩的岩石化学资料,与玄武岩纤维化学成分推荐指标及国内外典型地区制造玄武岩纤维岩石化学成分对比,从理论上认为省内一些地区的玄武岩具有制造玄武岩纤维这种高附加值产品的可能性,并对其应用前景进行了分析。  相似文献